Page 278 - Cyber Defense eMagazine RSAC Special Edition 2025

Challenges on the Horizon

ZTA and quantum-resistant cryptography are not something that can be implemented easily. The
challenges organizations encounter in the process are listed below:

• Legacy Systems: Many organizations are using outdated technologies that are incompatible with
ZTA or new cryptography. For instance, a bank using 20-year-old mainframes would need a costly
overhaul to integrate lattice-based encryption.
• Performance Tradeoffs: Some quantum-resistant algorithms like CRYSTALS-Kyber can
increase the computational complexity that can slow down the systems or increase the
operational costs.
• Interoperability: New systems must be compatible with the old ones and with the partners’
setups without disrupting the business processes.
• Cultural Resistance: This is so because ZTA is a cultural shift. For instance, people who are
used to the open network will not like the constant verification.
• Evolving Threats: Quantum tech is developing unexpectedly, which necessitates the need for
organizations to be flexible.

However, the cost of doing nothing is greater than the cost of doing something. A single quantum breach
could cripple a company or a country.

Fig. 4: Hurdles in Adopting Quantum-Ready Security

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